With the omnipresence of screens and the risks of their children being overexposed, many parents ask questions about their little ones' use of these technologies. Warning campaigns with various recommendations are regularly disseminated to help them correctly navigate the rather murky waters of the digital world. The aim of this article is also to advise parents on effectively managing screen use and the content to which their young children are exposed.

The effects of screens on young children

Ambivalent effects

Early exposure to screens has both positive and negative effects on young children. Denis Fougère points out in his study, "Is earlier better? The effects of care and early stimulation settings for young children on their cognitive and non-cognitive development" REF [^1^], that qualitative interactions, including those facilitated by screens, contribute to the cognitive and non-cognitive development of toddlers. However, the emphasis should be on the quality and relevance of the content as well as on moderation of screen time.

Impact of screen exposure on social interactions

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the challenges associated with increased exposure to digital media among young children. Neil Chanchlani, Francine Buchanan and Peter Gill, in their article "The indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and young people" REF [^2^], discuss the potential consequences of this increased exposure, notably on social interactions and the emotional development of young children.

Advice to limit screen time

It is essential to limit children's exposure time. Catherine Collombet, in her study on "Social inequalities in access to childcare for young children. A European comparison" REF [^3^], highlights the importance of equitable access to quality educational content, suggesting that parents play an active role in choosing content for their children.

Recommendations for screen use in toddlers

Current recommendations suggest favoring screen-free activities, especially for babies under 2 years old. It is also recommended to limit exposure for older children by choosing educational and interactive content.

Appropriate content for young children

Content appropriate to the child's age and development should take precedence. Educational apps and programs specifically designed for young children are beneficial if used in moderation and under adult supervision.

Recommended educational apps dedicated to early childhood

Many educational apps that promote learning and skill development in young children are available. Parents should look for software that encourages interaction, creativity and thinking rather than passive consumption of programs.

The role of parents in choosing digital content

Parents have a key role to play in selecting digital programming for their children. They should ensure that it is not only educational but also age-appropriate and aligned with their family values.

How screens can influence children's development

Screen exposure can significantly influence the cognitive, emotional and social development of young children. Parents should be aware of the potential impact of these media and strive to provide a balanced environment where off-screen activities are valued.

Using screens in the academic field

Connected devices are a valuable tool in the academic field. Indeed, they offer opportunities for interactive and engaging learning. However, their use must be carefully planned and integrated into a broader educational framework.

The role of screens in schooling

As screens are increasingly integrated into schooling, it is important to maintain a balance between digital learning and traditional teaching methods. This harmonization ensures holistic development of children and adolescents. According to a Médiamétrie report published in 2017, young people in France spend more hours annually on screens than in formal education: they spend 1,200 hours in front of screens compared to 900 hours in a school setting.

Digital education vs traditional teaching

Digital education offers new learning possibilities, but should not entirely replace traditional teaching. In-person interactions and hands-on experiences remain fundamental to a child's development. 

Good practices for healthy screen use in children

To ensure healthy use of connected devices, parents should establish clear limits, encourage regular breaks and promote enriching alternative activities for the healthy growth and well-being of young children.

Alternative activities to screen use for children under 2

For children under 2, adults should favor activities that stimulate human interaction and sensory development. This can include reading, board games, and outdoor activities.

The impact of screen use during meals on children

Using screens at the table risks hindering family communication and healthy eating habits. Meals should be privileged moments for exchange and sharing within the family, without digital distraction.

Video games suitable for young children for limited use

Choosing age-appropriate and time-limited video games can be an enriching activity for children, provided it is integrated into a broader range of activities. They should then contribute positively to the child's development, for example by encouraging problem-solving, creativity, or teamwork.

The role of parents in managing video games

Parents must also ensure that time spent on these games does not replace essential growth activities such as direct social interactions, physical play and outdoor activities.

In conclusion

In good practice, screens should serve intelligence. Modern parents as well as educators now have the duty to learn and teach children to use these technologies intelligently. Managing screen time for young children, the use of these tools and the content are practical means that will help achieve this goal. They should also enrich their learning environment with a variety of activities for their well-being.

Disclaimer

This article is based on research and studies available up to April 2023. Parents are encouraged to consult health and education professionals for advice tailored to their personal situation.

References

REF [^1^]. Fougère, D. (Date of publication not specified). Is earlier better? The effects of care and early stimulation settings for young children on their cognitive and non-cognitive development. DOI

REF [^2^]. Chanchlani, N., Buchanan, F., & Gill, P. (2021). The indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health of children and young people. DOI

REF [^3^]. Collombet, C. (Date of publication not specified). Social inequalities in access to childcare for young children. A European comparison. DOI