Nowadays, with the multiplication of screens, it is almost impossible to prevent children from watching television, smartphones, tablets, etc. This overexposure has multiple consequences. This observation raises many questions, particularly in terms of its impact on their sensorimotor development.
Understanding sensorimotor development in young children
Sensorimotor development refers to the process by which children learn to use their senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) together with their motor abilities to explore and understand the world around them. This development is crucial in the early years of life and generally unfolds in several stages, from birth to around two years of age. Nevertheless, this process continues throughout childhood.
Key stages of sensorimotor development
Children's sensorimotor development follows a natural progression, from sensory discovery to the mastery of complex movements. This period is fundamental for cognitive and physical development.
The importance of physical and social interactions
Interactions with the environment and with others play a crucial role in sensorimotor development. They encourage exploration, curiosity, and learning through play.
What are the effects of screens on young children's sensorimotor development?
Screens and their influence on children's attention
Screens affect children's attention capacity. These technologies thus reduce their time interacting with the real world, which is necessary for the development of their senses and motor skills. This reduction in interactions can limit opportunities for experiential learning, which are essential for balanced growth. A study by Sandra V García and Tatiana Dias de Carvalho (2022) REF [^1^] points out that screen use among toddlers and preschool-age children can come at the expense of activities that promote sensorimotor and social development.
How are social interactions affected by screen exposure?
Excessive exposure to digital media limits opportunities for direct social exchanges, which are necessary for language development and social skills. This can lead to a decrease in empathy and conflict-resolution skills among younger children. Research by Dr. Aleem Ali and Ayesha Inam (2023) REF [^2^] shows a link between the duration of screen exposure and difficulties in language, behavior, and social competence in children.
The educational impact of screens on sensorimotor development
Although some educational content can be beneficial, nothing replaces active learning and physical interactions. Physical engagement in learning activities stimulates memory and information retention more effectively. Time spent on exploratory activities is also reduced. The role of caregivers in the use of these tools is critical to mitigate negative effects on neurolinguistic development, as demonstrated by Guilherme Requião Radel Neto et al. REF [^3^].
Alternative activities that promote sensorimotor development
Playful and educational activities without screens, such as construction games, art activities, and outings in nature, stimulate the five senses and motor skills. These pastimes also encourage the development of creativity and imagination.
How to address the challenges related to young children's screen use?
Factors to consider when exposing children to screens
It is essential to limit screen time. It is also important to choose content appropriate to the child's age and well-being. Establishing screen-free times, notably during meals and before bedtime, promotes richer family interactions. According to a survey conducted by Toluna-Harris Interactive for the e-Enfance/3018 Association, the average age at which children begin using the internet is 5 years and 10 months, and they browse the web alone from 6 years and 10 months.
Consequences of excessive screen exposure in young children
Overexposure can lead to a reduction in social interactions. It is therefore necessary to establish a balance between screen time and physical and social activities. Studies, such as that by D. Hermawati et al. (2018) REF [^4^], associate early and excessive screen exposure with autistic-like symptoms, language delays, and attention disorders.
What is the relationship between screens and children's psychomotor development?
Connected devices are likely to disrupt psychomotor development. Indeed, they limit diverse sensory and motor experiences that are essential for harmonious growth. The variety of stimuli is crucial to stimulate all aspects of a child's development.
What do clinical observations teach us about screen use in young children?
Behaviors observed in children exposed to digital media
Clinical observations reveal a correlation between early and intensive exposure to digital devices and various developmental problems, such as behavioral disorders. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and moderating the use of these technologies from an early age.
Learning disrupted by intensive screen use
Intensive use of digital devices sometimes disrupts natural learning processes. Indeed, it deprives young children of concrete and interactive experiences. Learning through direct experience is irreplaceable for cognitive development and the well-being of young children.
In conclusion
Screen exposure in young children requires particular attention from parents, educators, and health professionals. It is crucial to promote responsible practices and encourage enriching off-screen activities to support optimal sensorimotor development in children.
Disclaimer
This article aims to inform and raise awareness about the effects of screen exposure in young children. It is based on current scientific studies but does not replace the advice of a healthcare professional.
References
REF [^1^]. García, S. V., & Dias de Carvalho, T. (2022). Screen use among toddlers and preschool children. Link
REF [^2^]. Ali, A., & Inam, A. (2023). Screen Exposure and Child Development: A Contextual Analysis of Pandemic. Link
REF [^3^]. Radel Neto, G. R., Nasser de Mello, N. F., da Silva, G. P., Rolim, T. A., & de Souza Pimenta, M. (n.d.). The impact of caregiver interaction with preschool children exposed inappropriately to screens on neurolinguistic development: a literature review. Link
REF [^4^]. Hermawati, D., Rahmadi, F. A., Sumekar, T. A., & Winarni, T. (2018). Early electronic screen exposure and autistic-like symptoms. Link